Each employee 4 feet (1.2 m) or more above dangerous equipment must be protected from falling by: Limits access within 6 feet (1.8 m) of the edge of the pit to authorized employees trained in accordance with § 1910.30; Applies floor markings at least 6 feet (1.8 m) from the edge of the pit in colors that contrast with the surrounding area; or places a warning line at least 6 feet (1.8 m) from the edge of the pit as well as stanchions that are capable of resisting, without tipping over, a force of at least 16 pounds (71 N) applied horizontally against the stanchion at a height of 30 inches (76 cm); or places a combination of floor markings and warning lines at least 6 feet (1.8 m) from the edge of the pit. When the employer uses a designated area, the employer must ensure: Employees remain within the designated area while work operations are underway; and. Each flight of stairs having at least 3 treads and at least 4 risers is equipped with stair rail systems and handrails as follows: Table D-2 -- Stairway Handrail Requirements, [39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 43 FR 49746, Oct. 24, 1978; 49 FR 5321, Feb. 10, 1984; 53 FR 12121, Apr. Barricading the area into which objects could fall, prohibiting employees from entering the barricaded area, and keeping objects far enough from an edge or opening to prevent them from falling to a lower level. Fixed Ladders (29 CFR 1910.23 (d) ) – Fixed ladders are permanently attached to a structure, building, or equipment. Handrails and the top rails of stair rail systems are capable of withstanding, without failure, a force of at least 200 pounds (890 N) applied in any downward or outward direction within 2 inches (5 cm) of any point along the top edge of the rail. For fixed ladders consisting of wood side rails and wood rungs or cleats, used at a pitch in the range 75 degrees to 90 degrees, and intended for use by no more than one person per section, single ladders as described in 1910.25(c)(3)(ii) are acceptable. The employee training requirements for ladder safety are also covered within 1910.30 Walking-Working Surfaces. When the hole is not in use, the employer must ensure the cover is closed or a removable guardrail system is provided on the exposed sides; A removable guardrail system and toeboards on not more than two sides of the hole and a fixed guardrail system on all other exposed sides. Figure D-13 - Combination Handrail and Stair Rail. Except as provided elsewhere in this section or by other subparts of this part, the employer must ensure each employee on a walkingworking surface 4 feet (1.2 m) or more above a lower level is protected from falling by: Erecting toeboards, screens, or guardrail systems to prevent objects from falling to a lower level; Erecting canopy structures and keeping potential falling objects far enough from an edge, hole, or opening to prevent them from falling to a lower level; or. Fixed ladder rungs and steps on telecommunication towers must be spaced not more than 18 inches (46 cm) apart, measured between the centerlines of the rungs or steps; 1910.23(b)(3) Steps on stepstools are spaced not less than 8 inches (20 cm) apart and not more than 12 inches (30 cm) apart, as measured between the centerlines of the steps; When the employer can demonstrate that the use of fall protection systems is not feasible on the working side of a platform used at a loading rack, loading dock, or teeming platform, the work may be done without a fall protection system, provided: The work operation for which fall protection is infeasible is in process; Access to the platform is limited to authorized employees; and. Except as provided elsewhere in this section, the employer must ensure that each employee on a walking-working surface with an unprotected side or edge that is 4 feet (1.2 m) or more above a lower level is protected from falling by one or more of the following: Personal fall protection systems, such as personal fall arrest, travel restraint, or positioning systems. Fixed ladders … Is protected by a fall protection system upon reaching the work position. 1910.28(b)(9)(ii) When a one-section fixed ladder is equipped with a personal fall protection or a ladder safety system or a fixed ladder is equipped with a personal fall arrest or ladder safety system on more than one section, the employer must ensure: The authorized employees are trained in accordance with § 1910.30. However, for any stairway used less than once per day where traffic across the stairway floor hole prevents the use of a fixed guardrail system (e.g., holes located in aisle spaces), the employer may protect employees from falling into the hole by using a hinged floor hole cover that meets the criteria in § 1910.29 and a removable guardrail system on all exposed sides, except at the entrance to the stairway. Posts readily visible caution signs that meet the requirements of § 1910.145 and state "Caution-Open Pit.". Previously, a fixed ladder with a cage required a landing platform at a maximum interval of 30’ feet. If an employee feels unsafe, they have the right to refuse work. Are solid or do not have any opening that exceeds 1 inch (3 cm) at its greatest dimension. As expected, OSHA has extensive guidelines for all types of ladders, encompassing how they are built, positioned, and used. Per OSHA 1910.23(d)(4) – The side rails of through or sidestep ladders must extend 42 inches above the top of the access level or landing platform served by the ladder. Provide and install all fall protection systems and falling object protection this subpart requires, and comply with the other requirements in this subpart before any employee begins work that necessitates fall or falling object protection. Platforms used with fixed ladders provide a horizontal surface of at least 24 inches by 30 inches (61 cm by 76 cm). For guardrail systems used around holes through which materials may be passed: When materials are being passed through the hole, not more than two sides of the guardrail system are removed; and. When mobile mechanical equipment is used to perform work that is both temporary and infrequent in a designated area, the employer must ensure the warning line is erected not less than 6 feet (1.8 m) from the unprotected side or edge that is parallel to the direction in which the mechanical equipment is operated, and not less than 10 feet (3 m) from the unprotected side or edge that is perpendicular to the direction in which the mechanical equipment is operated. All wood parts of fixed ladders shall meet the requirements of 1910.25(b). Fixed Ladders having a Pitch greater than 90 degrees are not allowed. The OSHA general industry ladder requirements can be summarized as follows: When the employer can demonstrate that it is not feasible to have guardrails on both sides of a runway used exclusively for a special purpose, the employer may omit the guardrail on one side of the runway, provided the employer ensures: The runway is at least 18 inches (46 cm) wide; and. The top rail of the stair rail system meets the other handrail requirements in paragraph (f) of this section. Figure D-14 -- Clearances for Fixed Ladders in Wells. Amezz, Please clarify the implementation of auto closing swing gates. These include individual-rung ladders, but not ship stairs, step bolts, or manhole steps. All openings in guardrail systems are small enough to prevent objects from falling through the opening. Installation of a personal … 1910.28(b)(9)(ii)(B) Note to paragraph (g): Section 1910.28 establishes the requirements that employers must follow on the use of cages and wells as a means of fall protection. Each employee is protected from falling through any hole (including skylights) that is 4 feet (1.2 m) or more above a lower level by one or more of the following: Each employee is protected from tripping into or stepping into or through any hole that is less than 4 feet (1.2 m) above a lower level by covers or guardrail systems. 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